Apache HTTP Server Version 1.3

Virtual Host examples for common setups

Base configuration

IP-based vhosts only
Name-based vhosts only
Mixed name-/IP-based vhosts
Port-based vhosts

Additional features

Using _default_ vhosts
Migrating a named-based vhost to an IP-based vhost
Using the ServerPath directive

IP-based vhosts only

Setup 1: The server machine has two IP addresses (111.22.33.44 and 111.22.33.55) which resolve to the names server.domain.tld and www.otherdomain.tld respectively. The hostname www.domain.tld is an alias (CNAME) for server.domain.tld and will represent the main server.
Server configuration:
```
    ...
    Port 80
    DocumentRoot /www/domain
    ServerName www.domain.tld

    <VirtualHost 111.22.33.55>
    DocumentRoot /www/otherdomain
    ServerName www.otherdomain.tld
    ...
    </VirtualHost>
    
```
www.otherdomain.tld can only be reached through the address 111.22.33.55, while www.domain.tld can only be reached through 111.22.33.44 (which represents our main server).

Setup 2: Same as setup 1, but we don't want to have a dedicated main server.

Server configuration:

    ...
    Port 80
    ServerName server.domain.tld
    
    <VirtualHost 111.22.33.44>
    DocumentRoot /www/domain
    ServerName www.domain.tld
    ...
    </VirtualHost>

    <VirtualHost 111.22.33.55>
    DocumentRoot /www/otherdomain
    ServerName www.otherdomain.tld
    ...
    </VirtualHost>
    
The main server can never catch a request, because all IP addresses of our machine are in use for IP-based virtual hosts (only localhost requests can hit the main server).

Setup 3: The server machine has two IP addresses (111.22.33.44 and 111.22.33.55) which resolve to the names server.domain.tld and www-cache.domain.tld respectively. The hostname www.domain.tld is an alias (CNAME) for server.domain.tld and will represent the main server. www-cache.domain.tld will become our proxy-cache listening on port 8080, while the web server itself uses the default port 80.
Server configuration:
```
    ...
    Port 80
    Listen 111.22.33.44:80
    Listen 111.22.33.55:8080
    ServerName server.domain.tld
    
    <VirtualHost 111.22.33.44:80>
    DocumentRoot /www/domain
    ServerName www.domain.tld
    ...
    </VirtualHost>

    <VirtualHost 111.22.33.55:8080>
    ServerName www-cache.domain.tld
    ...
      <Directory proxy:>
      order deny,allow
      deny from all
      allow from 111.22.33
      </Directory>
    </VirtualHost>
    
```
The main server can never catch a request, because all IP addresses (apart from localhost) of our machine are in use for IP-based virtual hosts. The web server can only be reached on the first address through port 80 and the proxy only on the second address through port 8080.

Name-based vhosts only

Setup 1: The server machine has one IP address (111.22.33.44) which resolves to the name server.domain.tld. There are two aliases (CNAMEs) www.domain.tld and www.sub.domain.tld for the address 111.22.33.44.
Server configuration:
```
    ...
    Port 80
    ServerName server.domain.tld

    NameVirtualHost 111.22.33.44 

    <VirtualHost 111.22.33.44>
    DocumentRoot /www/domain
    ServerName www.domain.tld
    ...
    </VirtualHost>
    
    <VirtualHost 111.22.33.44>
    DocumentRoot /www/subdomain
    ServerName www.sub.domain.tld
    ...
    </VirtualHost> 
    
```
Apart from localhost there are no unspecified addresses/ports, therefore the main server only serves localhost requests. Due to the fact that www.domain.tld has the highest priority it can be seen as the default or primary server.
Setup 2: The server machine has two IP addresses (111.22.33.44 and 111.22.33.55) which resolve to the names server1.domain.tld and server2.domain.tld respectively. The alias www.domain.tld should be used for the main server which should also catch any unspecified addresses. We want to use a virtual host for the alias www.otherdomain.tld and one virtual host should catch any request to hostnames of the form *.sub.domain.tld with www.sub.domain.tld as its server name. The address 111.22.33.55 should be used for the virtual hosts.
Server configuration:
```
    ...
    Port 80
    ServerName www.domain.tld
    DocumentRoot /www/domain

    NameVirtualHost 111.22.33.55

    <VirtualHost 111.22.33.55>
    DocumentRoot /www/otherdomain
    ServerName www.otherdomain.tld
    ...
    </VirtualHost>
   
    <VirtualHost 111.22.33.55>
    DocumentRoot /www/subdomain
    ServerName www.sub.domain.tld
    ServerAlias *.sub.domain.tld
    ...
    </VirtualHost> 
    
```
Any request to an address other than 111.22.33.55 will be served from the main server. A request to 111.22.33.55 with an unknown or no Host: header will be served from www.otherdomain.tld.

Setup: The server machine has three IP addresses (111.22.33.44, 111.22.33.55 and 111.22.33.66) which resolve to the names server.domain.tld, www.otherdomain1.tld and www.otherdomain2.tld respectively. The address 111.22.33.44 should we used for a couple of name-based vhosts and the other addresses for IP-based vhosts.